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Summary of Commonly Used Antibiotics in Scientific Research
Time：2024-09-12
List of commonly used antibiotic concentrations
Abbreviation | Chinese name | Solvents | Storage concentration | Large Intestine Working Concentration | Remark |
Ampicillin | ddH2O | 100mg/ml | 100μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filter | |
Carbenicillin | ddH2O | 50mg/ml | 50μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filter | |
Kanamycin | ddH2O | 50mg/ml | 50μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filter | |
Spectinomycin | ddH2O | 50mg/ml | 50μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filter | |
Gentamycin | ddH2O | 50mg/ml | 50μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filter | |
Apramycin | ddH2O | 50mg/ml | 50μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filter | |
Bleomycin | ddH2O | 100mg/ml | 100μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filtered, low salt, high pH culture medium | |
Blasticidin | ddH2O | 10mg/ml | 50μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filtered, low salt, high pH culture medium | |
Hygromycin | ddH2O | 50mg/ml | 50μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filter | |
Chloramphenicol | Anhydrous ethanol | 50mg/ml | 50μg/ml | Relaxed plasmid can be increased to 170μg/ml | |
Streptomycin | ddH2O | 50mg/ml | 50μg/ml | 0.22 µm sterile filter | |
tetracycline | Anhydrous ethanol | 10mg/ml | 10μg/ml | The culture medium should not contain magnesium ions | |
Rifampin | DMSO | 50mg/ml | 50μg/ml | Generally used for Agrobacterium | |
Erythromycin | Anhydrous ethanol | 200mg/ml | 600μg/ml | Escherichia coli is not sensitive to erythromycin |
Abbreviation | Chinese name | Working concentration for mammalian cells |
Geneticin | 100~1000ug/mL | |
Puromycin | 1~10μg/mL | |
Hygromycin | 50~500μg/mL | |
Bleomycin | 50~1000µg/mL | |
Blasticidin | 1~50μg/mL |
Common antibiotic mechanisms of action
1. Mechanism of action: Interference with cell membrane synthesis (Cell Membrane Syntesis)
| Product Name | Part Number | CAS | Mechanism of action | Main Applications |
| Daptomycin | GC10214 | 103060-53-3 | It binds to the cell plasma membrane and causes conformational changes by interacting with it, thereby disrupting the function of the plasma membrane. | |
| Polymyxin B Sulphate | HRA1731 | 1405-20-5 | It binds to the lipid A portion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, induces membrane pore formation, and interferes with plasma membrane permeability. | Mainly used to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria |
| Colistin Sulfate (Polymyxin E) | GC16332 | 1264-72-8 | Binds to lipids in the plasma membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, thereby disrupting the integrity of the cell membrane |
2. Mechanism of action: Interference with cell wall synthesis (Cell Wall Syntesis interference)
| Product Name | Part Number | CAS | Mechanism of action | Main Applications |
| Ampicillin, Sodium Salt | HRA0011 | 69-52-3 | β-lactam antibiotics inactivate transpeptidase in the inner layer of bacterial cell membrane, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis | Molecular Biology Screening of Antibiotics |
| Carbenicillin, Disodium Salt | HRA1464 | 4800-94-6 | β-lactam antibiotics inactivate transpeptidase in the inner layer of bacterial cell membrane, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis | Molecular Biology Screening of Antibiotics |
| Cefotaxime Sodium Salt | HRA1632 | 64485-93-4 | It inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) to prevent the last step of peptidoglycan synthesis from occurring. | Plant culture inhibits Agrobacterium contamination |
| Cefoxitin Sodium Salt | HRA1721 | 33564-30-6 | Second-generation cephalosporin antibiotics kill bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. | |
| Bacitracin | HRA1801 | 1405-87-4 | Peptide antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting lipid pyrophosphate dephosphorylation | |
| Penicillin G, Sodium Salt | HRA1501 | 69-57-8 | β-lactam antibiotics inactivate transpeptidase in the inner layer of bacterial cell membrane, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis | Preventing contamination of eukaryotic cell cultures |
| Vancomycin Hydrochloride | HRA1541 | 1404-93-9 | Glycopeptide antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis |
3. Mechanism of action: interference or inhibition of protein synthesis
| Product Name | Part Number | CAS | Mechanism of action | Main Applications |
| Apramycin Sulfate | HRA1761 | 65710-07-8 | Aminoglycoside antibiotics, which inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation | |
| Blasticidin S | HRA1591 | 3513/3/9 | Nucleoside peptide antibiotics specifically inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by interfering with the formation of peptide bonds in ribosomes. | Cell biology, antibiotic screening |
| Chloramphenicol | HRA1481 | 56-75-7 | Inhibits the 50S ribosomal subunit transpeptidase step of translation | |
| Doxycycline Hyclate | HRA1471 | 24390-14-5 | It binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, interferes with tRNA/mRNA interaction, and ultimately inhibits protein synthesis. | Tet-on/Tet-off system effectors |
| Gentamycin Sulfate Salt | HRA1551 | 1405-41-0 | Binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit causes codon misreading, blocks the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the acceptor site to the donor site, and thus inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. | |
| Kanamycin Sulfate | HRA0021 | 25389-94-0 | Aminoglycoside antibiotics, which bind to the 70S ribosomal subunit to inhibit translocation and induce codon miscoding | Molecular Biology Screening of Antibiotics |
| Erythromycin | HRA1651 | 114-07-8 | Macrolide antibiotics bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, blocking the elongation of nascent polypeptide chains and thus inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. | |
| Roxithromycin | GC13642 | 80214-83-1 | It binds to the bacterial ribosome 50S subunit, inhibits polypeptide translocation, and thus blocks protein synthesis. | |
| Tetracycline Hydrochloride | GC15020-5.1 | 64-75-5 | It penetrates the proton channel on the cell membrane, enters the cell and binds to the 30S ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis by preventing the transfer of aminoacyl-tRNA to the receptor site (site A) on the mRNA-ribosome complex. | Molecular Biology Screening of Antibiotics |
| Neomycin Sulfate | HRA1491 | 1405-10-3 | Binds to 30S and 50S (sometimes 50S) subunits causing miscoding; inhibits initiation and elongation of protein synthesis. | Cell Biology Screening Antibiotics |
| Puromycin Dihydrochloride | HRA1121 | 58-58-2 | Aminoglycoside antibiotics, as structural analogs of the 3' end of aminoacyl-tRNA molecules, can bind to the A site of the ribosome and be incorporated into the extending peptide chain, leading to the termination of peptide chain synthesis and thus preventing protein synthesis. | Cell Biology Screening Antibiotics |
| Spectinomycin Dihydrochloride | HRA1561 | 22189-32-8 | Binds to the bacterial ribosome 30S subunit, interferes with peptidyl-tRNA translocation and thus inhibits protein synthesis (elongation) | Plant cell research to screen antibiotics |
| Streptomycin Sulfate | HRA1521 | 3810-74-0 | Aminoglycoside antibiotics bind to the S12 protein on the 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA sequences and inhibition of translocation, thereby inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. | Preventing contamination of eukaryotic cell cultures |
| Thiostrepton | GC13002 | 1393-48-2 | Peptide antibiotic that prevents elongation factor G and GTP from binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit |
4. Mechanism of action: Antifungals that binds ergosterol or inhibit biosynthesis
| Product Name | Part Number | CAS | Mechanism of action | Main Applications |
| Amphotericin B | HRA1711 | 1397-89-3 | Polyene antifungal antibiotics bind to sterols, mainly ergosterol, on the fungal cell membrane, forming pores in the membrane, leading to the leakage of small molecules. | Antifungal agent to prevent contamination of eukaryotic cell cultures |
| Fluconazole | GC11512 | 86386-73-4 | Interferes with fungal ergosterol synthesis and downregulates metallothionein genes. | |
| Nystatin | HRA1611 | 1400-61-9 | It increases the cell membrane permeability of sensitive fungi by binding to sterols. |
|
5. Mechanism of action: Interferes with DNA, RNA, or Protein Synthesis
| Product Name | Part Number | CAS | Mechanism of action | Main Applications |
| Cordycepin | GN10810 | 73-03-0 | It is converted to cordycepin 5'-triphosphate and inserted into nucleic acids by poly(A) polymerase, resulting in termination of chain synthesis due to the lack of 3'-OH. | |
| Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride | HRA1461 | 86393-32-0 | Fluoroquinolone antibiotics target DNA gyrase and topoisomerase to inhibit DNA unwinding. | Preventing Mycoplasma Contamination |
| Enrofloxacin | GC10487 | 93106-60-6 | Quinolone carboxylic acid derivatives that inhibit DNA gyrase activity. | |
| Hygromycin B | HRA1111 | 31282-04-9 | Blocks polypeptide synthesis and inhibits elongation. | Cell biology, antibiotic screening |
| Nalidixic Acid | GC12455 | 389-08-2 | Quinolone antibiotics inhibit or modulate bacterial DNA gyrase-dependent processes such as DNA polymerization, ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling, and chromosome fragmentation. | |
| Novobiocin Sodium Salt | GC16486 | 1476-53-5 | Aminocoumarin antibiotics block DNA synthesis by competitively inhibiting the activity of prokaryotic DNA gyrase and eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase, ultimately leading to cell death. | |
| Phleomycin | HRA1581 | 11006-33-0 | Blocking cells from entering the S cycle | Cell biology, antibiotic screening |
| Paromomycin Sulfate | GC13692 | 1263-89-4 | Inhibits initiation and elongation steps in protein synthesis by binding to 16S rRNA | Plant transformation and screening of antibiotics |
| Rifampicin | HRA1701 | 13292-46-1 | Targets the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase β-subunit, thereby inhibiting the initiation of RNA synthesis | Plant transformation and screening of antibiotics |
6. Additional Antifungal Compounds
| Product Name | Part Number | CAS | Mechanism of action | Main Applications |
| Anisomycin | GC11559 | 22862-76-6 | Inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase activity of eukaryotic ribosomes. | |
| Bafilomycin A1 | GC17597 | 88899-55-2 | Specific inhibitor of V-ATPase in animal cells, plant cells and microorganisms | |
| Nourseothricin Sulfate | GC13632 | 96736-11-7 | Antifungal agent, effective against Candida albicans | Yeast antibiotic screening |
| Oligomycin Complex | GC16533 | 1404-19-9 | Macrolide antibiotic that inhibits mitochondrial ATPase and phosphoryl transferase. | |
| Tunicamycin | HRA1791 | 11089-65-9 | Antibacterial and antifungal agent. Inhibits N-acetyl-1-phosphotransferase (GPT) activity, as well as preventing the formation of N-glycosidic linkages in glycoprotein synthesis. | Antibacterial and antifungal agents, glycoprotein synthesis research |
